operation autumn hope

L'affaire Sofri: un procès en sorcellerie? These representatives of the secret structures met every year in one of the capitals... At the stay-behind meetings representatives of the CIA were always present. This military structure provided for significant US leverage over the secret stay-behind networks in Western Europe as the SACEUR, throughout NATO's history, has traditionally been a US General who reports to the Pentagon in Washington and is based in NATO's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Mons, Belgium. Marshals rescued 26 children in the state of Georgia after a two-week operation. This was denied by the US State Department, who responded that "the Greek terrorist organization '17 November' was responsible for both assassinations", and that Grivas's central piece of evidence had been the Westmoreland Field Manual which the state department, as well as an independent congressional inquiry, have alleged to be a Soviet forgery. According to the Washington Post, "One network included at least two former Nazi SS members—Staff Sgt. This harmful cycle highlights the challenges victims face and those faced by law enforcement when attempting to keep victims from returning to an abusive situation. Another motive might be to acquire access to new victim networks in order to resume operation in … "[94] Olav Riste of the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, writing for the journal Intelligence and National Security, mentions several instances where his own research on the stay-behind network in Norway was twisted by Ganser and concludes that "a detailed refutation of the many unfounded allegations that Ganser accepts as historical findings would fill an entire book. Victims may not self-identify as being trafficked or may not even realize they’re being trafficked,” the FBI stated. One fellow "spymaster" had kept the radio equipment in his cellar at home with his wife doing the engineering test call every four months, on the grounds that the equipment was too "valuable" to remain in civilian hands. [67] The operating bureaus of the organisation would also move to safety in England or the US at the first sign of trouble. It was code-named Gladio, the Italian word for a short double-edged sword gladius. [71], In 1966, the CIA set up Aginter Press which, under the direction of Captain Yves Guérin-Sérac (who had taken part in the founding of the OAS), ran a secret stay-behind army and trained its members in covert action techniques amounting to terrorism, including bombings, silent assassinations, subversion techniques, clandestine communication and infiltration and colonial warfare. In October, the Marshals announced the recovery of 45 missing and endangered children in Ohio and West Virginia during "Operation Autumn Hope." [14], Judge Gerado D'Ambrosio found out that in a conference that had the patronage of the Chief Staff of Defense, there were instructions to infiltrate left wing groups and provoke a social tension by carrying out attacks and then to blame them on the left.[43]. But former MP, Helmut Hubacher, President of the Social Democratic Party from 1975 to 1990, declared that although it had been known that "special services" existed within the army, as a politician he never at any time could have known that P-26 was behind this. He later explained that "we bought cars under this name. "[99], The US State Department stated in 2006 that Ganser had been taken in by long-discredited Cold-War era disinformation and "fooled by the forgery". It was hidden in the military secret service Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste (FE). He stated that "there must have been a couple of thousand people working for us... Only very, very highly positioned politicians and some members of the union knew about it". In 1958, NATO founded the Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) to coordinate secret warfare. [81][82] The Canarias 7 newspaper revealed, quoting former Gladio agent Alberto Volo, who had a role in the revelations of the existence of the network in 1990, that a Gladio meeting had been organized in August 1991 on Gran Canaria island. [33] Gladio's existence came to public knowledge when Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti revealed it to the Chamber of Deputies on October 24, 1990, although far-right terrorist Vincenzo Vinciguerra had already revealed its existence during his 1984 trial. "[45] Next to the CPC a second secret command post was created in 1957, the Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC). Franz Olah set up a new secret army codenamed Österreichischer Wander-, Sport- und Geselligkeitsverein (OeWSGV, literally "Austrian Association of Hiking, Sports and Society"), with the cooperation of MI6 and the CIA. "[16] Daniele Ganser (ETH Zurich) wrote in the Intelligence and National Security review that "following the discovery of the stay-behind armies across Western Europe in late 1990, Swiss and international security researchers found themselves confronted with two clear-cut questions: Did Switzerland also operate a secret stay-behind army? While David Lampe published a book on the Auxiliary Units in 1968,[22] their existence did not become widely known by the public until reporters such as David Pallister of The Guardian revived interest in them during the 1990s. "[23] However, in his memoirs, former CIA director William Colby described the setting-up of stay-behind armies in Scandinavian countries, including Finland, with or without the assistance of local governments, to prepare for a Soviet invasion. In November, 27 missing children were found in Virginia after a five-day operation. [44], General Gerardo Serravalle, who commanded the Italian Gladio from 1971 to 1974, related that "in the 1970s the members of the CPC [Coordination and Planning Committee] were the officers responsible for the secret structures of Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Luxemburg, the Netherlands and Italy. "The network was disbanded in 1953 amid political concerns that some members' neo-Nazi sympathies would be exposed in the West German press. Farrar-Hockley had aroused controversy in 1983 when he became involved in trying to organise a campaign for a new Home Guard against a potential Soviet invasion. 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Gladio&oldid=1008170165, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Articles with dead external links from February 2017, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from October 2008, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2015, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2010, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from March 2020, Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, An analogue of Operation Gladio was described in the 1949 fiction novel.

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